Effect of sex, age, and reproductive status on daily activity levels and activity patterns in jaguars (Panthera onca)

Abstract All animals, including carnivores, adapt their daily activity duration and distribution to satisfy food demands, breed, or avoid mortality risk. We used the kernel density method estimate movement levels patterns of jaguars in Hato Piñero, Venezuelan Western Llanos, based on 3,656 jaguar detection time records from two a half years camera trapping. Jaguars were active for 11.7 h per day average exhibited mostly nocturnal crepuscular pattern, however, with marked differences between sex/age/reproductive groups. Reproductive females had highest level (13.2 h/day), followed by adult males (10.9 non-reproductive (10.5 cubs (8.7 h/day). Activity also differed, reproductive having peaks at same hours after sunset before sunrise, night while most during hours. This study was first document effect sex, age, status pattern jaguar.